Delta Dunarii – Regatul naturii

Din Muntii Padurea Neagra ai Germaniei si pana la Marea Neagra a Romaniei, fluviul Dunarea creste in maretia sa pe 1.788 de mile. Fiind cel mai international fluviu al planetei, Dunarea strabate sau formeaza granite cu mai multe tari ale Europei: Germania, Austria, Slovacia, Ungaria, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ucraina. In luciul apei Dunarii se oglindesc imagini a patru capitale europene: Viena, Bratislava, Budapesta si Belgrad. Inainte de a ajunge in mare, Dunarea formeaza cea de-a doua ca marime si cea mai bine conservata delta a Europei. 2.200 de mile patrate de rauri, canale, grinduri, paduri formeaza un paradis al faunei salbatice, in special al pasarilor.

Calatorii prin Delta Dunarii pot petrece zile incantatoare explorandu-i peisajele si bucurandu-si ochii cu imaginile celei mai frumoase colonii de pasari din Europa. Labirintul de canale si locurile ascunse printre stejari si liane ofera un mediu excelent de reproducere pentru pasarile care sosesc aici tocmai din indepartata China sau Africa. Milioane de pelicani albi egipteni vin aici in fiecare primavara sa isi creasca puii si tot atatea gaste vin din nord sa scape de frig.

Delta Dunarii are o retea de cai navigabile si lacuri impartite intre cele trei brate principale de estuar ale fluviului. Ea cuprinde un fascinant amestec de culturi si natii care, firesc, au ca indeletnicire de baza pescuitul, traind in mijlocul unei vaste intinderi a unei vieti salbatice. Portul Tulcea este punctul de plecare spre inima Deltei Dunarii.

Chilia, cel mai tanar brat al Deltei Dunarii, are 72 de mile, de-a lungul frontierei cu Ucraina si un flux de apa de 60%. Pe el sunt insirate cateva sate:   Patlagean, Ceatalchioi, Pardina, Tatanir si Chilia Veche (fosta colonie greceasca Achillea, fost port la Marea Neagra si locul de batalie intre Mahomed al II-lea cuceritorul Constantinopolului si Vlad Tepes). Chilia Noua, asezare din partea ucrainiana a fost fondata de Stefan cel Mare, pentru a contracara fortele otomane.

Bratul Sulina este cel mai scurt, de 42 mile, si are un debit de apa de numai 18% din cele trei brate. Opririle vaselor care trec pe acest, cel mai important canal de transport comercial si calatori, se fac la Partizani, Maliuc, Crisani si orasul Sulina. In aceasta zona sunt multe locuri pentru cazarea turistilor si pentru inchirierea barcilor pentru plimbari. La Mila 23 este o principala asezare de lipoveni, rusi refugiati din pricina persecutiilor religioase de la inceputul sec. XVIII. Sulina, punctul terminus al croazierei a fost mentionat pentru prima oara intr-un document de catre Constantin, Imparatul Bizantului, cu peste o mie de ani in urma, sub numele Selina. Orasul port a fost plin de comercianti din Europa si Orientul Mijlociu, aventurieri si pirati de mare si a servit drept sediu pentru Comisia Europeana a Dunarii in sec. XIX, cand Dunarea era sus­ti­nuta pentru transportul comercial spre mare. Un proiect urias care a atras un mare numar de muncitori din toata Europa. S-a adunat atunci o comunitate inter­nationala din toate religiile, orto­docsi, catolici, anglicani, musul­mani, evrei. Cimitirul din Sulina este o marturie a acestei vechi comunitati. Marea biserica greceasca „Sf. Nicolae”, a fost construita in 1802 in centrul orasului.

Sf. Gheorghe are 67 mile lungime si un debit de 23% din apa Dunarii. Mahmudia si Dunavatu de Jos au fost fondate pe vestigii grecesti, romane si bizantine. Denumirea localitatii Mahmudia are la baza o interesanta legenda despre iubirea sultanului Mahmud pentru o tanara localnica. Aici sunt inca asezari vechi neexplorate de catre arheologi. Murighiol este un sat traditional de pescari, construit pe ruinele orasului roman Halmyris, unul dintre cele mai importante situri din Romania, locuit din sec. VI i.Ch. pana in  sec. VII d.Ch. Tot aici a fost descoperita o bazilica si mormintele celor doi martiri crestini, Epictet si Astion. Murighiol este si punctul de legatura pe apa cu Uzlina, unde se afla si superbul Complex Cormoran, de unde se pot face excursii cu ambarcatiuni in cele mai interesante locuri din Delta Dunarii. La Uzlina se afla si sediile Fundatiei Jacques Cousteau si al Rezervatiei Biosferei Delta Dunarii. Primul sat de pescari, atestat din 1938, este Sf. Gheorghe,  binecunoscut prin bucataria traditionala, incluzand si caviarul. De asemenea, aici se afla si cea mai lunga plaja de pe Litoralul romanesc.

Vizitand situri istorice, facand explorari pe caile navigabile, intr-o canoe sau o barca pescareasca, pe un superb apus de soare veti ramane in minte cu imagini de neuitat. Si, daca mai adaugam si savoarea vinurilor din podgoriile ce dateaza de pe vremea Imperiului Roman si cea a celui mai fin caviar din lume de la beluga de sturioni a Marii Negre, chiar ca nu mai incercam nicio comparatie.

1. Delta (LepetitPrince)

Articol interesant! Ma bucur ca dl. Radulescu (un reporter adevarat) si-a indreptat atentia spre Delta. De curand am fost la Sulina si am surprins multe aspecte - o sa va pun la dispozitiei linkul catre modestele mele insemnari. Dupa vizita la Sulina am ajuns la concluzia ca, cel mai estic oras al Romaniei nu e deloc pus in valoare. Si nici acea parte a Deltei de-a lungul canalului Sulina, paradis al pasarilor si al vegetatiei, cu o apa atat de limpede incat esti tentat s-o bei. Intrebarea e: oare nu cumva, odata cu punerea in valoare, puritatea locurilor va fi afectata?

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